Rowbothamism

“Rowbothamism” is a term coined by Peter Markley, to help expose the revisionist history of flerfs and distinguish them from ancient flat earthers who believed the sun went under the earth. It is an alternate term for Zetetic Astronomy (see below).

Flerfs identify their view with ancient cosmologies. However in reality, when their view began with Samuel Rowbotham in the 1800s, it was completely new and unique in history due to its denial of sunset.

Considering this, when religiflerfs use the term “Biblical cosmology”, it is misinformation.

Pronunciation

Accounts seem to vary (even among UK English speakers) on whether the “TH” in “Rowbotham” is the dental fricative (like in “thin”), or a “T” sound with a silent H.

In a livestream discussion about this, at 2:01:35 Peter Markley and Michael Toon agreed to split the difference by:

• Peter using the “TH” sound like in “thin” and
• Michael using the “T” sound like in “bottom.”

History of the term

History of the term

Date	Event	Link
Jul 2019	In his debut flat earth debunking video, Peter Markley explained the concept but did not yet use the term “Rowbothamism.”	YouTube clip
Dec 2023	Peter used the term once in a debate with Kaleb Davis.	YouTube recording
June 2024	Peter brought significant research to support the term as a main strategy in his MDD debut vs. Flatzoid. Flatzoid’s illogical response resulted in a meme.	YouTube live

Ancient cosmologies

Ancient cultures believed the sun left the inhabited world at night, usually by going underneath it. To them, daytime and nighttime were universal. No exceptions exist among world cultures whose cosmology survives and provides enough detail to discern.

Sumerian cosmology

This culture believed there is a tunnel under the earth called the “Road of the Sun.” There's a whole scene in the Epic of Gilgamesh, tablet 9, when Gilgamesh travels along this tunnel to the underworld.

More info →

Egyptian cosmology

The Egyptian sun god Ra travels in a boat through the underworld every night, and is reborn in the east every morning. This nightly journey was central to Egyptian religious practices, and was described in great detail in the Book of Gates.

More info →

Aztec cosmology

In Aztec belief, the earth goddess Tlaltecuhtli swallows the sun every evening and vomits it again in the morning.

More info →

Hebrew cosmology

The Bible does not give any clues about where the sun goes at night, except the use of “rise” and “set” in Matthew 5:45 and Ephesians 4:26. For more detail most sources, including Michael Heiser, look instead to the Book of Enoch.

A 1909 Mormon source summarized the evidence well:

It was represented that in the eastern side or the face of the firmament there were six doors or portals through which the sun entered from chambers outside the vault, and that in the western side of the firmament there were also six portals. For thirty days the sun passed through the first portal and at evening, after traversing the sky, passed out through the corresponding opening in the west. At the end of the month the sun entered by the second portal; and so on until the sixth had been reached …

Rowbothamist Model

Portrait of Samuel Rowbotham

In his 1865 book Zetetic Astronomy: Earth Not a Globe, Rowbotham wrote:

Although the Sun is at all times above and parallel to the Earth's surface, he appears to ascend the firmament from morning until noon, and to descend and sink below the horizon at evening. This arises from a simple and everywhere visible law of perspective.

This was the birth of flerfspective: the butchered mess that flerfs make of linear perspective, even to this day, when explaining sunset, hull down ships, and a variety of other phenomena.

Rowbotham needed this on his model, which he called “Zetetic Astronomy,” because of time zones. To make a flat earth “work” in the modern world, Samuel Rowbotham had co-opted the azimuthal equidistant world map projection with the North Pole at the center. His sun supposedly traveled in circles overhead around the North Pole.

World map drawn by Rowbotham